<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Aug 30, 2019, at 20:04 , Masataka Ohta <<a href="mailto:mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp" class="">mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="">Patrick W. Gilmore wrote:<br class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class="">The hope is the v6 DFZ will not grow nearly as fast because of far<br class="">less fragmentation.<br class=""></blockquote><br class="">As the problem is caused by multihomed sites (including ISPs), there<br class="">is no such hope.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div>Part of the problem is caused by multi homed sites. Much more of the problem is actually</div><div>caused by organizations needing multiple prefixes acquired over time through IPv4 slow</div><div>start and other similar rationing mechanisms deployed to try and create a fair allocation</div><div>strategy in light of IPv4 scarcity.</div><div><br class=""></div><div>Consider, for example AS7922 which originates the following 124 prefixes according to</div><div>route-views:</div><div><br class=""></div><div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.7.80.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.24.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.30.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.33.186.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.40.176.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.41.0.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.49.56.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.58.92.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.67.49.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.68.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.194.116.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.213.134.0/23</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">23.217.129.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.0.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.16.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.30.0.0/17</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.34.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.40.0.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.40.64.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.60.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.91.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.98.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.104.0.0/17</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.104.128.0/19</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.118.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.124.128.0/17</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.125.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.126.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.128.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.129.0.0/17</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.130.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.147.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.153.64.0/19</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.218.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">24.245.0.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">50.73.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">50.76.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">50.128.0.0/9</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">50.227.16.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">50.227.20.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">64.56.32.0/19</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">64.139.64.0/19</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">65.34.128.0/17</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">65.96.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">66.30.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">66.41.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">66.56.0.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">66.176.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">66.208.192.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">66.229.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">66.240.0.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">67.160.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">68.32.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">68.80.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">68.86.80.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">69.136.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">69.180.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">69.240.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">70.88.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">71.24.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">71.56.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">71.192.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">71.224.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">72.55.0.0/17</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">72.247.190.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">74.16.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">74.92.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">74.144.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">75.64.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">75.72.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">75.74.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">75.75.0.0/17</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">75.75.128.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">75.144.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">76.16.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">76.96.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">76.128.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.6.80.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.17.145.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.17.164.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.17.165.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.17.166.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.64.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.96.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.112.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.120.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.124.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.128.0.0/10</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">96.192.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">98.32.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">98.192.0.0/10</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.69.216.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.69.220.0/23</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.70.48.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.70.64.0/20</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.70.178.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.77.121.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.77.150.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">104.109.53.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">107.0.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">107.4.0.0/15</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">162.148.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">173.8.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">173.160.0.0/13</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">173.222.176.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">174.48.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">174.160.0.0/11</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.25.157.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.28.64.0/23</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.28.68.0/23</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.28.117.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.51.52.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.51.207.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.86.251.0/24</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.108.0.0/14</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">184.112.0.0/12</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">198.0.0.0/16</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">198.137.252.0/23</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">198.178.8.0/21</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">204.11.116.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">208.39.128.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">209.23.192.0/22</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">209.23.192.0/18</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: normal; font-family: Monaco; color: rgb(1, 232, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 1, 3, 0.980392);" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class="">216.45.128.0/17</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=""><br class=""></span></div></div><div><br class=""></div><div>A quick scan didn’t reveal significant overlap or even a lot of adjacent prefixes. As such, I don’t think you can blame multihoming or TE for this, but, rather organic customer growth and RIR applications over time.</div><div><br class=""></div><div>That’s the kind of prefix growth we should be able to mostly avoid in IPv6 that is rather rampant in IPv4.</div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="">With the current way of multihoming to compute available routes to<br class="">multihomed sites by global routing system, the load, including routing<br class="">table size, to the global routing system increases at least linearly<br class="">to the number of multihomed sites.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div>Sure, but the number of multi homed sites is way _WAY_ less than the IPv4 routing table size.</div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="">Some people was aware of the problem when the size was 50,000.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div>When the size was 50,000, that was the primary source of the problem. Today, long prefixes issued due to scarcity constitute a much larger fraction of the problem than multi homed sites originating single prefixes.</div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="">With the current routing practice, the number will increase to 14M<br class="">with IPv4 and a lot more than that with IPv6.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div>I’m curious as to why you think that the number is bounded at 14M for IPv4 and why you think there will be so many more multi homed sites in IPv6?</div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class="">The solution is:<br class=""><br class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ohta-e2e-multihoming-03" class="">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ohta-e2e-multihoming-03</a><br class=""><br class="">but IETF is working on stupid things like LISP only to increase<br class="">load to the global routing system.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div>Not that you’d be prejudiced in favor of your own draft or anything.</div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class="">Also, even today TCAM ain’t cheap. Let’s hope it those numbers are<br class="">not "nothing".<br class=""></blockquote><br class="">The problem is serious especially because Moore's law is ending.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div></div>People have been claiming that Moore’s law is at an end longer than we have been pushing for IPv6 deployment.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">TCAM ain’t cheap, but it’s also not the only solution to the problem and solutions are getting cheaper (per prefix) over time. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Owen</div><div class=""><br class=""></div></body></html>