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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Out here in Manitoba we use unheated/no-electricity OSP fiber patch panel pedestals in some locations, those work without issue down to the occasional -40. Note that that’s using all high-quality components.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>For Fletcher’s case, it’s also possible that:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>-there had been water intrusion in a splice case or cable on the way – but then that tends to cause complete failure, either on the first occasion or not long after, and not repeating temperature-dependent fade.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>-there’s a bad fusion splice on the way whose characteristics are affected by temperature.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>My first step in such a case would be to OTDR the line (renting an OTDR if we were a company that didn’t own one) to see approximately where the issue is and to get an idea what kind of issue it is – Fletcher, I guess that your company did not do so at that time?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> NANOG [mailto:nanog-bounces@nanog.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mel Beckman<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, January 31, 2019 12:26 PM<br><b>To:</b> Fletcher Kittredge <fkittred@gwi.net><br><b>Cc:</b> North American Network Operators' Group <nanog@nanog.org><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Effects of Cold Front on Internet Infrastructure - U.S. Midwest<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Fletcher, <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I don’t think that’s true. I find no specs on fiber dB loss being a function of ambient temperature. I do find fiber optic application data sheets for extreme temperature applications of -500F and +500F (spacecraft). You’d think if temperature affected fiber transmission characteristics, they’d see it in space.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>What you likely were seeing was connector loss, owing either to improper installation, incorrect materials, or unheated regen enclosures.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Insertion loss (IL) failures, for instance, in the cold are a direct result of cable termination component shrinkage. That’s why regen and patch enclosures need to be heated as well as cooled. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br>All fiber termination components have stated temperature limits. As temperatures approach -40F, the thermoplastic components in a cable's breakout, jacketing, and fiber fanout sections shrink more than the optical glass. Ruggedized connectors help somewhat, but the rule is that you can’t let optical connectors and assemblies get really cold (or really hot).<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>A typical spec for a single-mode OSP connector is:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Operating -30C (-22F) to +60C (+140F)<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The range for the corresponding Single Mode fiber is:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Operating -55C (-67F) to +70C (+158F)<br>Storage -60C (-76F) to +70C (+158F)<br>Installation -30C (-22F) to +50C (+122F)<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>All professional outside plant engineers know these requirements. So if you’re seeing failures, somebody is breaking a rule.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> -mel<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Jan 30, 2019, at 3:05 PM, Fletcher Kittredge <<a href="mailto:fkittred@gwi.net">fkittred@gwi.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Cold changes the transmission characteristics of fiber. At one point we were renting some old dark fiber from the local telephone company in northern Maine. When it would get below -15%-degree F the dB would get bad enough that the link using that fiber would stop working. The telephone company was selling us dark fiber because regulation required them to. They refused to give us another fiber nor inspect/repair. They took the position they were required to sell us fiber, not working fiber.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Wed, Jan 30, 2019 at 11:41 AM Mark Tinka <<a href="mailto:mark.tinka@seacom.mu">mark.tinka@seacom.mu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'>For anyone running IP networks in the Midwest, are you having to do anything special to keep your networks up?<br><br>For the data centres, is this cold front a chance to reduce air conditioning costs, or is it actually straining the infrastructure?<br><br>I'm curious, from a +27-degree C summer's day here in Johannesburg.<br><br>Mark.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><br clear=all><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>-- <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Fletcher Kittredge<br>GWI<br>207-602-1134<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.gwi.net/" target="_blank">www.gwi.net</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>